In his introduction, author Asimov asks, “What is the universe made of? What governs its workings? What is its purpose?” The AV model says our physical universe is made of ideas. Laws govern its workings. Its purpose is to teach its illogical students how to reason logically.
Is this true? Well, everything we know passes through our minds. A mind is not physical, and it cannot interface with that which most people called physical. Does it make any difference? Yes, the author talks of an atomic nucleus. It appears scientists lump everything into a pile in an atom. However, they do not explain how a pile of protons and neutrons can produce a magnetic field in Iron but not in other elements. As seen in the above AV model diagram of a Iron atom, it is easy to arrange the neutrons to produce a magnetic field.
The author talks of a nothing-particle called a neutrino. At first, scientists thought it was a myth, but it turned out to exist. In the AV model, Ray is the neutrino. This means we are talking about different things.
The author talks about the conservation of angular momentum, and the AV model provides a general view. During the compression period before the Big Bang, Space was converting to Shells and Spin. This Spin pertained to all three sizes of Shells. The Shells rotated in the same direction, and the centrifugal force was enormous. However, there was no space for the Shells to expand into. After the Big Bang, many Shells reconverted to Space in a spherical form. This provided the needed space, and a massive explosion occurred. The further an object moves from the center, the slower it rotates. Our sun is no exception. The free neutrons moving deeper into the sun produced eight planets. The free subneutrons in the sun produced two large planets. They all rotate as does our sun. The author mentions that Uranus doesn’t rotate like the other planets. Its axis of rotation seems to be in its orbit about the sun. It may be that a free neutron explosion in Saturn created the planet Pluto. On Pluto’s way into orbit, it glanced off Uranus as it went deeper into space while Uranus changed its axis of rotation.
The author talks about a closed energy system, and the AV model is a closed system. From The Universe, our physical universe is zero in size. From inside, our physical universe appears to be expanding and looks infinite in size. However, it does not expand into anything because ideas are not physical.
When Michelson and Morley failed to detect an Ether field in 1887, everyone assumed space was a void. So, the author asks, “Will energy be conserved under the conditions of the vacuum of outer space, a region far more empty of matter than anything we can reproduce on Earth?” This is the biggest difference between the models of most scientists and the AV model. In the AV model, Space is the main spherical field, and space is a large 3D volume.
Given that the field of Space is a set of points, i.e., the ideas of positions, one can say there is no mass in our physical universe. We have points called the centers of Gravity which we call mass centers. They are points where one field converts to another field. The term mass pertains to a collection of these centers or points.
To better understand this concept of mass, think of a photon. A photon is a point associated with the fields Spin and Ray. That is, a fixed amount of Ray rotates perpendicular to the direction of travel. However, Ray does not rotate like a stick. It converts to the Electro and Magno fields. In these fields, Ray is the amplitude, and Spin is the frequency. A stream of photons produce what is known as an electromagnetic wave. The photons range over our electromagnetic spectrum and include radio waves, visible light and gamma rays to name a few. Now, each photon represents a small amount of energy. So, using a mass-energy equation, one can assign a mass to a photon. Einstein did this and predicted gravity would bend light. Sir Arthur Eddington conducted an experiment to prove this bending of light by gravity. No one thought the Space generated by the sun was pushing the starlight. Is Einstein right?
Well, the author provides the following footnote. “In a transparent medium other than a vacuum, photons travel at lesser velocities. Even air slows them down very slightly. When photons leave a transparent medium, however, and enter vacuum again, their velocity accelerates at once to 3x10 to the tenth power cm/sec once more” Assume the author is correct. What is the source of the energy that accelerates each photon mass instantly to the speed of light? Obviously, there is no such source of energy. In the AV model, a photon has no mass. It originates on the surface of a small Shell and rides the expanding sphere of Space. Likewise, after leaving a transparent medium, the photon rides an expanding sphere of Space. Remember, inward flowing opposing radial lines of Gravity convert to expanding spheres of Space at all mass centers such as those in a transparent medium. Ergo, Einstein was wrong about why but not what.
Gravity is another significant difference. Most scientists think gravity is an attractive force. In the AV model, Gravity is a compressive force. Points at the limit or surface of Space convert to inward flowing lines of Gravity and create the radial field of Gravity. Again, Einstein came up with a different view of space-time and gravity to fit the void of space that only a math major could understand. As for quantum gravity, think about this. In the AV model, there are lines of Gravity. Each line comprises a set of points. However, it doesn’t seem possible for a human to divide a line into a point. It sounds like physicists are trying to reach the starting point for the AV model which seems impossible.
Monday, October 19, 2009
Sunday, October 18, 2009
ATOM_1_EXAMPLES
___Hydrogen (H 1) comprises a normal Shell containing a
neutron, i.e., a small Shell. Incoming opposing lines of Gravity convert to expanding spheres of Space at a Shell’s center. However, a small amount Gravity converts to Ray. Ray is a one dimensional field. Ray moves to the surface and creates a local disturbance before moving into Space. This local disturbance is an electron. As Ray rotates, it gives the impression the electron is in orbit. The electron appears negative because humans are on the opposite side of Ray. Likewise, the neutron appears positive and becomes a protron because humans are on the same side as Ray.
As shown, there are two mass centers. However, when they are co-located, they count as one. The average is 1.00797 which is its atomic weight. Incoming energy like Ray can convert to Linear motion at a mass center and move the neutron off center and Gravity will restore it. See Deuterium.
___Hydrogen molecule – The interlocking fields which define a Shell are rotating at the speed of light. However, to each other, they may be in sync. In this case, they can act like weak magnets and attract each other so their fields mesh as one. This makes for an unpinned intersection and the unit is a molecule.
___Deuterium – Heavy Hydrogen is a Hydrogen atom with an extra neutron in orbit about the center. Thus there are three mass centers, but two are co-located to give an average of 2.0141 which is its atomic weight. In some cases, the two neutrons may be at the center and form a subHydrogen molecule, or both could be in orbit. See Helium.
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___Helium (He 2) comprises two Deuterium atoms. This occurs in the
sun where Gravity compresses all atoms. When two normal Shells cannot move due to this compression, they unSpin. That is, they explode and reconvert to Space and other fields. This explosion forces the two free neutrons into other Hydrogen atoms to form two Deuterium atoms. The compression then forces these Deuterium atoms together to form Helium. The two neutrons in orbit give up their orbital energy and reside in the intersection. This produces a pinned intersection and a new element, i.e., Helium, with an atomic weight of 4.0026. Their interlocking fields make it difficult for Helium to unite with other normal Shells. See Neon.
___Lithium (Li 3) is a normal Shell containing six neutrons which form a gyroscope. There are four neutrons in orbit and the axis of rotation contains two neutrons plus the center of mass of the normal Shell. The length of this axis is very short and one neutron often resides at the normal Shell’s center which reduces the count of the centers of mass to less than seven. Its atomic weight is 6.939. See Iron.
___Beryllium (Be 4) is a normal Shell containing eight neutrons in orbit
and one neutron co-located at the center. This center neutron seldom moves which gives an atomic weight of 9.01218.
See Boron and Neon.
___Boron (B 5) looks like Beryllium but with nine neutrons in orbit to give it an atomic weight of 10.18.
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___Carbon Dioxide – Assume a vertical Carbon ring with an Oxygen atom on each side. Each Oxygen atom converts the orbiting energy of six of its neutrons to Ray which is known as heat. These six neutrons pin the Oxygen atom to the Carbon atom at their six intersections. See Oxygen.
___Nitrogen (N 7) comprises a normal Shell which contains thirteen neutrons in two orbits and one neutron co-located at the center of the normal Shell. See Oxygen. There are eight neutrons in the outer orbit and five in the inner orbit. This gives an atomic weight of 14.0067.
___Oxygen (O 8) comprises a normal Shell which contains fifteen neutrons. Eight neutrons are in an outer orbit and six are in an inner orbit. The last neutron bobs in and out of the mass center of the normal Shell. This makes the average count less than sixteen which gives it its atomic weight 15.9994. See Carbon dioxide.
___Water comprises three normal Shells; two are Hydrogen atoms and the middle one is an Oxygen atom. They can be in almost any arrangement from a straight line to a triangle. All three Shells can make unpinned intersections with other Hydrogen and Oxygen atoms. This enables them to make a thin coat of molecules on the top of a glass of water and no two snowflakes are alike.
___Fluorine (F 9) comprises a normal Shell which has three orbits. There are eight neutrons in the outer orbit, six neutrons in the middle orbit, and four neutrons in the inner orbit. The last neutrons bobs in and out of the mass center of the normal Shell. This makes the average count of mass centers less than nineteen which gives it its atomic weight 18.998403. See Oxygen.
___Neon (Ne 10) has two normal Shells pinned together with two neutrons in their intersection. Each Shell contains nine neutrons. Eight neutrons are in orbit and one is co-located at the center of the normal Shell. This gives an atomic weight 20.179. Neon looks like two Beryllium atoms pinned together.
___Sodium (Na 11) looks like a Neon atom but with nine orbiting neutrons in each normal Shell to give it its atomic weight of 22.98977.
___ Iron (Fe 26) comprises four Lithium atoms. There is a gyro in each of the four normal Shells and a gyro in each of the four intersections. There is a center of gravity in each of the four normal Shells and in each of the fifty-two neutrons for a total of fifty-six. Again, there is usually an axial neutron in one of the centers of gravity in the normal Shells. Thus the total count is less than fifty-six which gives an atomic weight of 55.847.
___These centers of gravity convert all incoming energy to Rays which exit in all directions. Assume for the moment that all four normal Shells are in a horizontal plane. When the gyros are so aligned, the Rays go to the geometric center of the Iron atom. Opposing Rays convert to Magno. The lines of Magno move upward and circle around to come into the bottom of the Iron atom and reconvert to Ray which leaves the top of the atom which is its North Pole. Hitting this small magnet disorients the gyros, and it loses some of its magnetic strength.
At this point, the reader can build his/her own atoms.
neutron, i.e., a small Shell. Incoming opposing lines of Gravity convert to expanding spheres of Space at a Shell’s center. However, a small amount Gravity converts to Ray. Ray is a one dimensional field. Ray moves to the surface and creates a local disturbance before moving into Space. This local disturbance is an electron. As Ray rotates, it gives the impression the electron is in orbit. The electron appears negative because humans are on the opposite side of Ray. Likewise, the neutron appears positive and becomes a protron because humans are on the same side as Ray.As shown, there are two mass centers. However, when they are co-located, they count as one. The average is 1.00797 which is its atomic weight. Incoming energy like Ray can convert to Linear motion at a mass center and move the neutron off center and Gravity will restore it. See Deuterium.
___Hydrogen molecule – The interlocking fields which define a Shell are rotating at the speed of light. However, to each other, they may be in sync. In this case, they can act like weak magnets and attract each other so their fields mesh as one. This makes for an unpinned intersection and the unit is a molecule.
___Deuterium – Heavy Hydrogen is a Hydrogen atom with an extra neutron in orbit about the center. Thus there are three mass centers, but two are co-located to give an average of 2.0141 which is its atomic weight. In some cases, the two neutrons may be at the center and form a subHydrogen molecule, or both could be in orbit. See Helium.
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___Helium (He 2) comprises two Deuterium atoms. This occurs in the
sun where Gravity compresses all atoms. When two normal Shells cannot move due to this compression, they unSpin. That is, they explode and reconvert to Space and other fields. This explosion forces the two free neutrons into other Hydrogen atoms to form two Deuterium atoms. The compression then forces these Deuterium atoms together to form Helium. The two neutrons in orbit give up their orbital energy and reside in the intersection. This produces a pinned intersection and a new element, i.e., Helium, with an atomic weight of 4.0026. Their interlocking fields make it difficult for Helium to unite with other normal Shells. See Neon.
___Lithium (Li 3) is a normal Shell containing six neutrons which form a gyroscope. There are four neutrons in orbit and the axis of rotation contains two neutrons plus the center of mass of the normal Shell. The length of this axis is very short and one neutron often resides at the normal Shell’s center which reduces the count of the centers of mass to less than seven. Its atomic weight is 6.939. See Iron.
___Beryllium (Be 4) is a normal Shell containing eight neutrons in orbit
and one neutron co-located at the center. This center neutron seldom moves which gives an atomic weight of 9.01218.See Boron and Neon.
___Boron (B 5) looks like Beryllium but with nine neutrons in orbit to give it an atomic weight of 10.18.
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-___Carbon (C 6) comprises six 
Deuterium atoms in a ring and is thus a member of the Hydrogen family. There are eighteen mass centers but six are co-located so the count is 12 which is its atomic weight. The six neutrons are no longer in orbit. They now exist, one each, in each of the six intersections and pin the normal Shells together. If one arranges four Shells in a horizontal plane with one on top and one on the bottom and presses them together, one has a diamond. If one bends the ring, one has amorphous carbon. See Oxygen.
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___Carbon Dioxide – Assume a vertical Carbon ring with an Oxygen atom on each side. Each Oxygen atom converts the orbiting energy of six of its neutrons to Ray which is known as heat. These six neutrons pin the Oxygen atom to the Carbon atom at their six intersections. See Oxygen.
___Nitrogen (N 7) comprises a normal Shell which contains thirteen neutrons in two orbits and one neutron co-located at the center of the normal Shell. See Oxygen. There are eight neutrons in the outer orbit and five in the inner orbit. This gives an atomic weight of 14.0067.
___Oxygen (O 8) comprises a normal Shell which contains fifteen neutrons. Eight neutrons are in an outer orbit and six are in an inner orbit. The last neutron bobs in and out of the mass center of the normal Shell. This makes the average count less than sixteen which gives it its atomic weight 15.9994. See Carbon dioxide.
___Water comprises three normal Shells; two are Hydrogen atoms and the middle one is an Oxygen atom. They can be in almost any arrangement from a straight line to a triangle. All three Shells can make unpinned intersections with other Hydrogen and Oxygen atoms. This enables them to make a thin coat of molecules on the top of a glass of water and no two snowflakes are alike.
___Fluorine (F 9) comprises a normal Shell which has three orbits. There are eight neutrons in the outer orbit, six neutrons in the middle orbit, and four neutrons in the inner orbit. The last neutrons bobs in and out of the mass center of the normal Shell. This makes the average count of mass centers less than nineteen which gives it its atomic weight 18.998403. See Oxygen.
___Neon (Ne 10) has two normal Shells pinned together with two neutrons in their intersection. Each Shell contains nine neutrons. Eight neutrons are in orbit and one is co-located at the center of the normal Shell. This gives an atomic weight 20.179. Neon looks like two Beryllium atoms pinned together.
___Sodium (Na 11) looks like a Neon atom but with nine orbiting neutrons in each normal Shell to give it its atomic weight of 22.98977.
___ Iron (Fe 26) comprises four Lithium atoms. There is a gyro in each of the four normal Shells and a gyro in each of the four intersections. There is a center of gravity in each of the four normal Shells and in each of the fifty-two neutrons for a total of fifty-six. Again, there is usually an axial neutron in one of the centers of gravity in the normal Shells. Thus the total count is less than fifty-six which gives an atomic weight of 55.847.
___These centers of gravity convert all incoming energy to Rays which exit in all directions. Assume for the moment that all four normal Shells are in a horizontal plane. When the gyros are so aligned, the Rays go to the geometric center of the Iron atom. Opposing Rays convert to Magno. The lines of Magno move upward and circle around to come into the bottom of the Iron atom and reconvert to Ray which leaves the top of the atom which is its North Pole. Hitting this small magnet disorients the gyros, and it loses some of its magnetic strength.
At this point, the reader can build his/her own atoms.
Tuesday, October 6, 2009
ATOM _0_DEFINITION
The AV model is a theory of everything. It covers Gods, our physical universe, which cycles from one Big Bang to the next, and life itself. To extend its coverage, these next articles will go inside the atom. While this is all logical guess work, it is guided in part by Issac Asimov’s book ‘The Neutrino’ and articles in Wikipedia.
The intent here is to use only the ideas in the AV model to explain what is happening in the world of particle physics. The ideas or fields in the AV model are: Space, Gravity, Ray, Kone, Electro, Magno, Spin, Shell, and Linear motion. There are three sizes of Shells: Normal, Small, and Smallest. These are known as Atom, Neutron, and subNeutron or Black Hole. Thus, there is the field of Space and ten other fields. These ten fields convert from one form to another with a small amount converting back to Space. We say entropy increases. Even though we are in an expansion period of a Big Bang cycle, local fields tend toward stability.
Our physical universe is a school and a teacher. Its purpose is to teach us how to reason logically. To do this, one must consider the event under examination, the instruments used to examine the event, and the interpretation of the results.
Let’s start with a definition of an atom.
The intent here is to use only the ideas in the AV model to explain what is happening in the world of particle physics. The ideas or fields in the AV model are: Space, Gravity, Ray, Kone, Electro, Magno, Spin, Shell, and Linear motion. There are three sizes of Shells: Normal, Small, and Smallest. These are known as Atom, Neutron, and subNeutron or Black Hole. Thus, there is the field of Space and ten other fields. These ten fields convert from one form to another with a small amount converting back to Space. We say entropy increases. Even though we are in an expansion period of a Big Bang cycle, local fields tend toward stability.
Our physical universe is a school and a teacher. Its purpose is to teach us how to reason logically. To do this, one must consider the event under examination, the instruments used to examine the event, and the interpretation of the results.
Let’s start with a definition of an atom.
Atom - A basic unit of matterconsisting of a dense, central nucleus surrounded by a cloud of negatively charged electrons. The atomic nucleus contains a mix of positively charged protons and electrically neutral neutrons (except in the case of hydrogen-1, which is the only stable nuclide with no neutron). The electrons of an atom are bound to the nucleus by the electromagetic force. The term matter traditionally refers to the substance that all objects are made of. Substance is a core concept of ontology and metaphysics. Ontology -- The branch of metaphysics that deals with the nature of being. Metaphysics -- The branch of 
philosophy that examines the nature of reality, including the relationship between mind and matter, substance and attribute, fact and value.
Nuclide - A type of atom specified by its atomic number, atomic mass, and energy state, such as Carbon 14.
philosophy that examines the nature of reality, including the relationship between mind and matter, substance and attribute, fact and value.Nuclide - A type of atom specified by its atomic number, atomic mass, and energy state, such as Carbon 14.
In this first confusing definition of an atom, if one removes the central nucleus, then one has a cloud of negatively charged electrons. What is this cloud and where is the energy in E=mc2?
Atom (AV) – A set of one or more normal Shells. The set may contain zero or more small Shells, i.e., neutrons, and each neutron may contain zero or more smallest Shells, i.e., subneutrons or black holes.
Monday, August 31, 2009
CHAOS – AV4 SOLUTIONS
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Chaos – Weather
The Libchaber’s experiment included four variables or fields: Gravity, Ray, Linear motion and Spin. Weather predictions must include a few more variables. The Earth rotates so one must include or exclude the sun, and there is no ceiling to contain the atmosphere. Also, there is often a horizontal Linear motion or wind. To this one must add Oxygen, Nitrogen, Carbon dioxide, and water. An Oxygen atom contains eight neutrons in an outer orbit and six in an inner orbit. These orbits may rotate and precess. Also, water is unique in that the molecules cling to each other. This is probably due to the Hydrogen atoms forming unpinned intersections as already mention. Many such attractions produce clouds and drops of rain. Let’s not forget lightning and thunder when orbiting neutrons convert their energy to Ray. Together, these fields produce a nonlinear system and make accurate predictions almost impossible.
Rather than try to predict where a hurricane will land, a different approach is to sap its energy. One could build a fleet of refrigeration ships and fill them with liquid Oxygen or dry ice. As a funnel starts to form, sail the ships into the eye and open the cargo doors.
A similar approach is possible on dry land for a twister. One could also ask power companies to erect tall poles along highways and install lightning rods on these poles. A cable would be needed to carry Ray into the ground. Such energy would probably kill insects, snakes, and all vermin living near the poles plus the roots of many plants.
Chaos – Economics
Let’s now look at an even more complex system. The American economic system is capitalistic, nonlinear and unpredictable. Many men and women with PhDs have been working the problem for years with little improvement. Three cent stamps are now approaching sixty cents. Thirty cents per gallon of gas has now reached three dollars. Our national debt is over ten trillion dollars and counting. Everyone sees this inflation but no one can stop it. When it pops and produces a Big Bang, the chaotic results will make the French Reign of Terror look like a picnic.
The solution offered here is a PIPE line tax. The (PP) pertains to personal property tax; the (I) pertains to annual income tax; the (E) pertains to estate taxes. The line is drawn on four cycle log paper using the following points.
$ ...........10,000 or less _____0%
$ .........100,000 _________25%
$ .....1,000,000 __________50%
$ ...10,000,000 __________75%
$ 100,000,000 or more ___100%
Instead of the rich becoming richer and the poor becoming poorer, this PIPE line tax makes the flow of money cyclic. It is nonlinear in that the more one makes or has the more taxes one pays. This tax pertains to all: individuals, families, groups, churches, organizations, and corporations. There are no exceptions or exemptions. Each payer makes a list of their property or income and finds their tax on the same straight line. The purpose of the straight line is to prevent lawyers from twisting the law to suit their own purposes. Any and all property or income not listed belongs to the city, county, state, or federal government in that order. Any undervalued property can be purchased by one of these governmental bodies.
In summary, chaos as a new science needs to expand its scope because nonlinearity is part of our universe. It also looks like a key to going inside an atom. On the quantum scale, there will be an increase in variables due to the subneutron and subelements like subHydrogen and suboxygen. I wish them luck.
Chaos – Weather
The Libchaber’s experiment included four variables or fields: Gravity, Ray, Linear motion and Spin. Weather predictions must include a few more variables. The Earth rotates so one must include or exclude the sun, and there is no ceiling to contain the atmosphere. Also, there is often a horizontal Linear motion or wind. To this one must add Oxygen, Nitrogen, Carbon dioxide, and water. An Oxygen atom contains eight neutrons in an outer orbit and six in an inner orbit. These orbits may rotate and precess. Also, water is unique in that the molecules cling to each other. This is probably due to the Hydrogen atoms forming unpinned intersections as already mention. Many such attractions produce clouds and drops of rain. Let’s not forget lightning and thunder when orbiting neutrons convert their energy to Ray. Together, these fields produce a nonlinear system and make accurate predictions almost impossible.
Rather than try to predict where a hurricane will land, a different approach is to sap its energy. One could build a fleet of refrigeration ships and fill them with liquid Oxygen or dry ice. As a funnel starts to form, sail the ships into the eye and open the cargo doors.
A similar approach is possible on dry land for a twister. One could also ask power companies to erect tall poles along highways and install lightning rods on these poles. A cable would be needed to carry Ray into the ground. Such energy would probably kill insects, snakes, and all vermin living near the poles plus the roots of many plants.
Chaos – Economics
Let’s now look at an even more complex system. The American economic system is capitalistic, nonlinear and unpredictable. Many men and women with PhDs have been working the problem for years with little improvement. Three cent stamps are now approaching sixty cents. Thirty cents per gallon of gas has now reached three dollars. Our national debt is over ten trillion dollars and counting. Everyone sees this inflation but no one can stop it. When it pops and produces a Big Bang, the chaotic results will make the French Reign of Terror look like a picnic.
The solution offered here is a PIPE line tax. The (PP) pertains to personal property tax; the (I) pertains to annual income tax; the (E) pertains to estate taxes. The line is drawn on four cycle log paper using the following points.
$ ...........10,000 or less _____0%
$ .........100,000 _________25%
$ .....1,000,000 __________50%
$ ...10,000,000 __________75%
$ 100,000,000 or more ___100%
Instead of the rich becoming richer and the poor becoming poorer, this PIPE line tax makes the flow of money cyclic. It is nonlinear in that the more one makes or has the more taxes one pays. This tax pertains to all: individuals, families, groups, churches, organizations, and corporations. There are no exceptions or exemptions. Each payer makes a list of their property or income and finds their tax on the same straight line. The purpose of the straight line is to prevent lawyers from twisting the law to suit their own purposes. Any and all property or income not listed belongs to the city, county, state, or federal government in that order. Any undervalued property can be purchased by one of these governmental bodies.
In summary, chaos as a new science needs to expand its scope because nonlinearity is part of our universe. It also looks like a key to going inside an atom. On the quantum scale, there will be an increase in variables due to the subneutron and subelements like subHydrogen and suboxygen. I wish them luck.
Saturday, August 29, 2009
CHAOS – AV3.SYSTEMS
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Chaos – Energy Circles
Let’s now consider a frictionless simple pendulum. The AV model of our universe used a system circle to derive the period of a simple pendulum. It used an energy circle to show how the fields of Spin and Linear motion oscillate, and that the resulting equation was not restricted to small angles.
http://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Simple_Pendulum_%28AV%29
Gleick’s book illustrates what happens when one includes friction. The arc of each swing is less than the previous one and the pendulum eventually stops.
Friction is one way of converting these fields, Spin and Linear motion, to Space, i.e., entropy increases as the system returns to a stable state.
The importance of the simple pendulum is the use of the energy circle. The model applied an energy circle to a frictionless conical pendulum. In that case, Linear motion converted to Linear motion and the field of Spin acted as a catalyst. Again, the results were different from the book’s.
These energy circles gave a better understanding as to why a spinning gyroscope doesn’t fall. They also explained why planets, suns and other objects in space moved in elliptical orbits. Even Kepler didn’t know why. In short, they provided an elementary understanding of our universe.
Chaos – Heat
Heat is a form of energy associated with the motion of atoms or molecules and capable of being transmitted through solid and fluid media by conduction, through fluid media by convection, and through empty space by radiation.
To better understand this definition, let’s start with a tank of Hydrogen connected to a Bunsen burner. When one opens a valve air mixes with the Hydrogen but nothing else happens.
In order to start a fire, one uses a devise which strikes a steel wire against a flint stone. One sees a spark but this has nothing to do with the fire. A spark is a set of light photons coming into one’s eye. Ray is what starts the fire.
The fields that define a Shell of Hydrogen are spinning at the speed of light. But to each other, they may not appear to be spinning. This allows two Hydrogen atoms to merge like weak magnets. Their fields intermesh to produce an unpinned intersection and become a Hydrogen molecule.
The Rays that go with the spark hit two orbiting neutrons in an Oxygen atom and causes them to pin a Hydrogen molecule to the Oxygen atom to produce a water molecule, H2O. Think of three small ping-pong balls forming a triangle. The orbital energies or Spin of these two neutrons convert to Rays and set off a chain reaction producing more water molecules. Many Rays hit other neutrons and produce many photons of light. We see them as a flame. If one places a hand near this frame, Rays will hit the atoms in one’s hand and cause them to move. One feels this movement and the increase in orbital energies of the neutrons and calls it hot.
Chaos – Albert Libchaber
Let’s now look at Libchaber’s experiment as pictured in Gleick’s book. He put liquid Helium in a small cell the size of a lemon seed within a vacuumed container and immersed it in a Helium bath. A copper plate sat at the bottom for the introduction of heat. A sapphire crystal at the top conducted away the heat. A bolometer recorded the heat introduced by electric heating coils.
Helium comprises two Deuterium atoms. Deuterium is heavy Hydrogen. It has one neutron co-located in the Shell’s center and one in orbit about the center. Take two ping-pong balls and cut the top off of one at forty degrees latitude and glue them together to see a Helium atom. The two neutrons which were in orbit are now located in the intersection of the two Shells. Liquid Helium is very cold and low on energy, i.e., movement.
Libchaber started with a small amount of heat, i.e., Ray. Ray hit a Helium center of mass and converted to an upward Linear motion. The always present Gravity also converted to a downward Linear motion. These like fields opposed each other and converted to Spin. Spin can appear in several forms: a rotation about one or more of the three axes, and orbiting neutrons in the intersection and/or Shells. It seems likely the atom bounced around and moved upward off the bottom of the cell. As it did so, another cooler atom took its place and repeated this action. This first atom of Helium made its way to the top where it touched the sapphire crystal and converted its energy to Ray. It was then pushed out of the way by the next atom of Helium. As it moved downward due to Gravity, a loop developed, and it moved to its original location to start another cycle.
Increasing the heat increased the speed of the atoms in the loop and disturbed the other atoms along the bottom. Atoms passing the sapphire crystal do not have time to unload all of their energy. As they moved downward in a new loop, they gain enough energy to return to the top and unload all their energy. They then return to the long loop to reach the bottom. Adding more energy raises the level of activity of all the atoms and chaos reigns in the cell.
The unanswered questions relate to the law that governs what goes on inside a Helium atom. When Ray hits a Helium atom, why and where does it convert to Spin? What are the priorities for a Helium atom in converting its Spin to Ray? Libchaber’s experiment is so simple and elegant that it should be possible for someone to simulate it on a computer and answer some of these questions by learning what goes on inside a Helium atom!
Chaos – Energy Circles
Let’s now consider a frictionless simple pendulum. The AV model of our universe used a system circle to derive the period of a simple pendulum. It used an energy circle to show how the fields of Spin and Linear motion oscillate, and that the resulting equation was not restricted to small angles.
http://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Simple_Pendulum_%28AV%29
Gleick’s book illustrates what happens when one includes friction. The arc of each swing is less than the previous one and the pendulum eventually stops.
Friction is one way of converting these fields, Spin and Linear motion, to Space, i.e., entropy increases as the system returns to a stable state.
The importance of the simple pendulum is the use of the energy circle. The model applied an energy circle to a frictionless conical pendulum. In that case, Linear motion converted to Linear motion and the field of Spin acted as a catalyst. Again, the results were different from the book’s.
These energy circles gave a better understanding as to why a spinning gyroscope doesn’t fall. They also explained why planets, suns and other objects in space moved in elliptical orbits. Even Kepler didn’t know why. In short, they provided an elementary understanding of our universe.
Chaos – Heat
Heat is a form of energy associated with the motion of atoms or molecules and capable of being transmitted through solid and fluid media by conduction, through fluid media by convection, and through empty space by radiation.
To better understand this definition, let’s start with a tank of Hydrogen connected to a Bunsen burner. When one opens a valve air mixes with the Hydrogen but nothing else happens.
In order to start a fire, one uses a devise which strikes a steel wire against a flint stone. One sees a spark but this has nothing to do with the fire. A spark is a set of light photons coming into one’s eye. Ray is what starts the fire.
The fields that define a Shell of Hydrogen are spinning at the speed of light. But to each other, they may not appear to be spinning. This allows two Hydrogen atoms to merge like weak magnets. Their fields intermesh to produce an unpinned intersection and become a Hydrogen molecule.
The Rays that go with the spark hit two orbiting neutrons in an Oxygen atom and causes them to pin a Hydrogen molecule to the Oxygen atom to produce a water molecule, H2O. Think of three small ping-pong balls forming a triangle. The orbital energies or Spin of these two neutrons convert to Rays and set off a chain reaction producing more water molecules. Many Rays hit other neutrons and produce many photons of light. We see them as a flame. If one places a hand near this frame, Rays will hit the atoms in one’s hand and cause them to move. One feels this movement and the increase in orbital energies of the neutrons and calls it hot.
Chaos – Albert Libchaber
Let’s now look at Libchaber’s experiment as pictured in Gleick’s book. He put liquid Helium in a small cell the size of a lemon seed within a vacuumed container and immersed it in a Helium bath. A copper plate sat at the bottom for the introduction of heat. A sapphire crystal at the top conducted away the heat. A bolometer recorded the heat introduced by electric heating coils.
Helium comprises two Deuterium atoms. Deuterium is heavy Hydrogen. It has one neutron co-located in the Shell’s center and one in orbit about the center. Take two ping-pong balls and cut the top off of one at forty degrees latitude and glue them together to see a Helium atom. The two neutrons which were in orbit are now located in the intersection of the two Shells. Liquid Helium is very cold and low on energy, i.e., movement.
Libchaber started with a small amount of heat, i.e., Ray. Ray hit a Helium center of mass and converted to an upward Linear motion. The always present Gravity also converted to a downward Linear motion. These like fields opposed each other and converted to Spin. Spin can appear in several forms: a rotation about one or more of the three axes, and orbiting neutrons in the intersection and/or Shells. It seems likely the atom bounced around and moved upward off the bottom of the cell. As it did so, another cooler atom took its place and repeated this action. This first atom of Helium made its way to the top where it touched the sapphire crystal and converted its energy to Ray. It was then pushed out of the way by the next atom of Helium. As it moved downward due to Gravity, a loop developed, and it moved to its original location to start another cycle.
Increasing the heat increased the speed of the atoms in the loop and disturbed the other atoms along the bottom. Atoms passing the sapphire crystal do not have time to unload all of their energy. As they moved downward in a new loop, they gain enough energy to return to the top and unload all their energy. They then return to the long loop to reach the bottom. Adding more energy raises the level of activity of all the atoms and chaos reigns in the cell.
The unanswered questions relate to the law that governs what goes on inside a Helium atom. When Ray hits a Helium atom, why and where does it convert to Spin? What are the priorities for a Helium atom in converting its Spin to Ray? Libchaber’s experiment is so simple and elegant that it should be possible for someone to simulate it on a computer and answer some of these questions by learning what goes on inside a Helium atom!
Wednesday, August 26, 2009
CHOAS – AV2 THEORY
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Chaos – Book
James Gleick’s book ‘Chaos-Making a new science’ is worth reading.
http://www.around.com/chaos.html
Chaos – Definition
Chaos theory is that branch of mathematics which studies the behavior of certain dynamical systems that may be highly sensitive to initial conditions. As a result of this sensitivity, which manifests itself as an exponential growth of error, the behavior of chaotic systems appears to be random. That is, tiny differences in the starting state of the system can lead to enormous differences in the final state of the system even over fairly small timescales. This gives the impression that the system is behaving randomly.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaos_theory
Chaos – Example
Start a cue ball rolling on a perfect billiard table. It will bounce off the cushions without any loss of energy. The ball follows the laws of mechanics and is predictable. An analysis says one can put ten cue balls in play and they will all follow the same path. OK, let’s say one starts adding more cue balls. However, the eighth ball starts at a slower speed. As it careens of the second cushion, it is clipped by another cue ball. In the blink of an eye, the cue balls are now bouncing off of each other and chaos reigns on the table. The point of this example is that chaos is a human perception. The balls are still following the laws of mechanics.
In Gleik’s book he states that Joseph Ford said, “God plays dice with the universe.” This statement is incorrect. The logical Beings, God2, who created our physical universe, left nothing to chance. Theirs was an intelligent design.
Chaos -- Questions
Gleick’s book is about mathematicians who work with fractals and nonlinear systems. They seem to be working on the horizon of our knowledge. While this is impressive, it raises ‘what’ and ‘why’ questions. The purpose of our universe is to teach illogical Beings how to reason logically. So, what are such logical reasoning people doing in our universe?
It may be that there is more to one’s existence than eddies, symbols and equal signs. Ethics and fine arts may be more important that we give them credit.
Also, why are they looking at chaos problems when a more important problem is right in front of them, our flat Earth number system? There are many things in our universe that cycle, and we should have a cyclic number system, but that is another topic.
Nevertheless, these mathematicians are trying to reason logically, and that it what they are suppose to do. However, they seem to be working on the symptoms and not the nature of the problems.
Chaos – Book
James Gleick’s book ‘Chaos-Making a new science’ is worth reading.
http://www.around.com/chaos.html
Chaos – Definition
Chaos theory is that branch of mathematics which studies the behavior of certain dynamical systems that may be highly sensitive to initial conditions. As a result of this sensitivity, which manifests itself as an exponential growth of error, the behavior of chaotic systems appears to be random. That is, tiny differences in the starting state of the system can lead to enormous differences in the final state of the system even over fairly small timescales. This gives the impression that the system is behaving randomly.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaos_theory
Chaos – Example
Start a cue ball rolling on a perfect billiard table. It will bounce off the cushions without any loss of energy. The ball follows the laws of mechanics and is predictable. An analysis says one can put ten cue balls in play and they will all follow the same path. OK, let’s say one starts adding more cue balls. However, the eighth ball starts at a slower speed. As it careens of the second cushion, it is clipped by another cue ball. In the blink of an eye, the cue balls are now bouncing off of each other and chaos reigns on the table. The point of this example is that chaos is a human perception. The balls are still following the laws of mechanics.
In Gleik’s book he states that Joseph Ford said, “God plays dice with the universe.” This statement is incorrect. The logical Beings, God2, who created our physical universe, left nothing to chance. Theirs was an intelligent design.
Chaos -- Questions
Gleick’s book is about mathematicians who work with fractals and nonlinear systems. They seem to be working on the horizon of our knowledge. While this is impressive, it raises ‘what’ and ‘why’ questions. The purpose of our universe is to teach illogical Beings how to reason logically. So, what are such logical reasoning people doing in our universe?
It may be that there is more to one’s existence than eddies, symbols and equal signs. Ethics and fine arts may be more important that we give them credit.
Also, why are they looking at chaos problems when a more important problem is right in front of them, our flat Earth number system? There are many things in our universe that cycle, and we should have a cyclic number system, but that is another topic.
Nevertheless, these mathematicians are trying to reason logically, and that it what they are suppose to do. However, they seem to be working on the symptoms and not the nature of the problems.
Monday, August 24, 2009
CHOAS – AV1 OVERVIEW
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Chaos – Our Physical Universe
In Greek myth, Chaos is the original dark void from which everything else appeared. According to Hesiod's Theogony (the origin of the gods), Chaos was the nothingness out of which the first objects of existence appeared.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaos
To see how correct this guess was, let’s start with a beginning of our physical universe using the AV model. The third quarter of a circle from six to nine o’clock provides an initial curve of our universe. The vertical downward movement illustrates the contracting field of Space and there is no light or any ‘thing’. This downward contraction process produces Shells out of the points of Space which explode and reconvert to points of Space. Ergo, this compression process is not linear. As Shells begin to persist, this curve asymptotes to the horizontal before the Big Bang.
The fourth quarter of a circle provides a curve of our expanding universe. The initial vertical expansion is enormous but again, the curve asymptotes to an upper horizontal line before the next cycle. It is doubtful that every Shell must reconvert to Space before the contraction starts again. Ergo, our physical universe is nonlinear, periodic and certainly chaotic at the instant of the Big Bang. Note, this school cycles even if there are no students.
Chaos – Our Solar System
Our solar system appears stable but everyone knows the sun is emitting energy in vast quantities and cannot last forever. Also, the free neutrons and subneutrons which produced the eight planets are slowly moving to the center of the sun. After their arrival, there will be a large explosion which will kill trillions of humans on Earth. This sounds awful, but it isn’t. Remember, our physical universe is a self contained set of interacting logical ideas. Our minds process these ideas, and we think they are real. After this explosion in the sun, many minds will again be aware of The Universe. The illogical Beings will re-enter and be born on another planet.
Chaos -- Earth
In our planet, Gravity also compresses atoms to produce other atoms and release lots of energy. This process is similar to that in our sun but on a slower and smaller scale. At its core, this energy keeps a large amount of iron and nickel in liquid form. When this liquid flows, it changes the center of gravity of our planet. Ergo, it is possible for our planet to roll over on its side so Antarctica lies on the new equator and chaos is everywhere as all try to survive.
However, Chaos theory does not pertain to these systems and predicting when they will change is pointless as we can do nothing about it.
Chaos – Our Physical Universe
In Greek myth, Chaos is the original dark void from which everything else appeared. According to Hesiod's Theogony (the origin of the gods), Chaos was the nothingness out of which the first objects of existence appeared.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaos
To see how correct this guess was, let’s start with a beginning of our physical universe using the AV model. The third quarter of a circle from six to nine o’clock provides an initial curve of our universe. The vertical downward movement illustrates the contracting field of Space and there is no light or any ‘thing’. This downward contraction process produces Shells out of the points of Space which explode and reconvert to points of Space. Ergo, this compression process is not linear. As Shells begin to persist, this curve asymptotes to the horizontal before the Big Bang.
The fourth quarter of a circle provides a curve of our expanding universe. The initial vertical expansion is enormous but again, the curve asymptotes to an upper horizontal line before the next cycle. It is doubtful that every Shell must reconvert to Space before the contraction starts again. Ergo, our physical universe is nonlinear, periodic and certainly chaotic at the instant of the Big Bang. Note, this school cycles even if there are no students.
Chaos – Our Solar System
Our solar system appears stable but everyone knows the sun is emitting energy in vast quantities and cannot last forever. Also, the free neutrons and subneutrons which produced the eight planets are slowly moving to the center of the sun. After their arrival, there will be a large explosion which will kill trillions of humans on Earth. This sounds awful, but it isn’t. Remember, our physical universe is a self contained set of interacting logical ideas. Our minds process these ideas, and we think they are real. After this explosion in the sun, many minds will again be aware of The Universe. The illogical Beings will re-enter and be born on another planet.
Chaos -- Earth
In our planet, Gravity also compresses atoms to produce other atoms and release lots of energy. This process is similar to that in our sun but on a slower and smaller scale. At its core, this energy keeps a large amount of iron and nickel in liquid form. When this liquid flows, it changes the center of gravity of our planet. Ergo, it is possible for our planet to roll over on its side so Antarctica lies on the new equator and chaos is everywhere as all try to survive.
However, Chaos theory does not pertain to these systems and predicting when they will change is pointless as we can do nothing about it.
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