CHAOS – AV3.SYSTEMS

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Chaos – Energy Circles

Let’s now consider a frictionless simple pendulum. The AV model of our universe used a system circle to derive the period of a simple pendulum. It used an energy circle to show how the fields of Spin and Linear motion oscillate, and that the resulting equation was not restricted to small angles.

http://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Simple_Pendulum_%28AV%29

Gleick’s book illustrates what happens when one includes friction. The arc of each swing is less than the previous one and the pendulum eventually stops.

Friction is one way of converting these fields, Spin and Linear motion, to Space, i.e., entropy increases as the system returns to a stable state.

The importance of the simple pendulum is the use of the energy circle. The model applied an energy circle to a frictionless conical pendulum. In that case, Linear motion converted to Linear motion and the field of Spin acted as a catalyst. Again, the results were different from the book’s.

These energy circles gave a better understanding as to why a spinning gyroscope doesn’t fall. They also explained why planets, suns and other objects in space moved in elliptical orbits. Even Kepler didn’t know why. In short, they provided an elementary understanding of our universe.

Chaos – Heat

Heat is a form of energy associated with the motion of atoms or molecules and capable of being transmitted through solid and fluid media by conduction, through fluid media by convection, and through empty space by radiation.

To better understand this definition, let’s start with a tank of Hydrogen connected to a Bunsen burner. When one opens a valve air mixes with the Hydrogen but nothing else happens.

In order to start a fire, one uses a devise which strikes a steel wire against a flint stone. One sees a spark but this has nothing to do with the fire. A spark is a set of light photons coming into one’s eye. Ray is what starts the fire.

The fields that define a Shell of Hydrogen are spinning at the speed of light. But to each other, they may not appear to be spinning. This allows two Hydrogen atoms to merge like weak magnets. Their fields intermesh to produce an unpinned intersection and become a Hydrogen molecule.

The Rays that go with the spark hit two orbiting neutrons in an Oxygen atom and causes them to pin a Hydrogen molecule to the Oxygen atom to produce a water molecule, H2O. Think of three small ping-pong balls forming a triangle. The orbital energies or Spin of these two neutrons convert to Rays and set off a chain reaction producing more water molecules. Many Rays hit other neutrons and produce many photons of light. We see them as a flame. If one places a hand near this frame, Rays will hit the atoms in one’s hand and cause them to move. One feels this movement and the increase in orbital energies of the neutrons and calls it hot.

Chaos – Albert Libchaber

Let’s now look at Libchaber’s experiment as pictured in Gleick’s book. He put liquid Helium in a small cell the size of a lemon seed within a vacuumed container and immersed it in a Helium bath. A copper plate sat at the bottom for the introduction of heat. A sapphire crystal at the top conducted away the heat. A bolometer recorded the heat introduced by electric heating coils.

Helium comprises two Deuterium atoms. Deuterium is heavy Hydrogen. It has one neutron co-located in the Shell’s center and one in orbit about the center. Take two ping-pong balls and cut the top off of one at forty degrees latitude and glue them together to see a Helium atom. The two neutrons which were in orbit are now located in the intersection of the two Shells. Liquid Helium is very cold and low on energy, i.e., movement.

Libchaber started with a small amount of heat, i.e., Ray. Ray hit a Helium center of mass and converted to an upward Linear motion. The always present Gravity also converted to a downward Linear motion. These like fields opposed each other and converted to Spin. Spin can appear in several forms: a rotation about one or more of the three axes, and orbiting neutrons in the intersection and/or Shells. It seems likely the atom bounced around and moved upward off the bottom of the cell. As it did so, another cooler atom took its place and repeated this action. This first atom of Helium made its way to the top where it touched the sapphire crystal and converted its energy to Ray. It was then pushed out of the way by the next atom of Helium. As it moved downward due to Gravity, a loop developed, and it moved to its original location to start another cycle.

Increasing the heat increased the speed of the atoms in the loop and disturbed the other atoms along the bottom. Atoms passing the sapphire crystal do not have time to unload all of their energy. As they moved downward in a new loop, they gain enough energy to return to the top and unload all their energy. They then return to the long loop to reach the bottom. Adding more energy raises the level of activity of all the atoms and chaos reigns in the cell.

The unanswered questions relate to the law that governs what goes on inside a Helium atom. When Ray hits a Helium atom, why and where does it convert to Spin? What are the priorities for a Helium atom in converting its Spin to Ray? Libchaber’s experiment is so simple and elegant that it should be possible for someone to simulate it on a computer and answer some of these questions by learning what goes on inside a Helium atom!