Some background information is needed to understand this principle by Werner Heisenberg.
Magnetic Bar
Imagine a small iron bar. As opposing Rays hit the atoms, they convert to Magno. The lines of Magno leave one end of the bar and circle around to enter the other end of the bar. We call this field a magnetic field. The incoming magnetic lines combine into a perpendicular Ray, this new Ray leaves the bar at the other end. In the AV model, we call this exit end the North pole, and the other incoming end is the South pole. The magnetic field acts as a catalyst so incoming opposing Rays can convert to a perpendicular outgoing Ray.
Test for Ray
Firmly set two bar magnets about two inches off a flat surface. Arrange the opposing poles about three inches apart. Now slowly slide a radiometer between the opposing poles so that the vanes on one side of the vertical pivot pole are between the magnetic poles and watch it turn.
If the vanes do not turn, slide the radiometer in from the other side. Rays leave the North pole and heads for the South pole. When Rays hit the black vanes, they will convert to Linear motion and cause them to rotate.
Shells
There are three sizes of Shells known as: Atom, Neutron, and subNeutron. They are the same except for their sizes.
Atoms
Imagine a small magnetic bar. Let it rotate in a vertical plane at the speed of light. Magnetic lines leaving the North pole loop back to South pole. These loops are like piles in a carpet. Now rotate the bar in a horizontal plane at the speed of light. Now reduce the length of the bar to zero so that nothing but the piles remain. This is a mass of one and is known as an atom. The piles form a near continuous surface which in the AV model is a Shell. The perpendicular rotations at the speed of light represent the c squared in Einstein's equation,
E = mcc.
Neutrons
During a compression period of our cyclic school, i.e., physical universe, a similar type spinning produces an atom. The early atoms soon reconvert to Space, but eventually some begin to endure. When this happens, the process repeats itself inside these atoms to produce neutrons. There is one neutron per atom, and we call them Hydrogen atoms.
SubNeutrons
When a Hydrogen atom reconverts to Space during a compression period, the neutron becomes free. When this happens, the process repeats itself inside the neutron to produce a subNeutron. We could call this unit a subHydrogen atom.
Free Units
It is possible to have Shells with no inner Shells. For example, a subHydrogen neutron reconverts to Space leaving the subNeutron free. A black hole is a large collection of subNeutrons. They assure that everything will reconvert to Space eventually.
Electron
At a mass center during an expansion period, incoming, opposing radial lines of Gravity convert to expanding spheres of Space. Unopposed incoming radial lines of Gravity convert to Linear motion. In addition, there is a small conversion to Ray. Ray moves from the center to the surface and reconverts to Space. This creates a local disturbance on the surface. As Ray rotates within the atom, the local disturbance also rotates. It appears to orbit the center, and we call it an electron. The electron appears negative because Ray is on the other side.
Light E-M
Repeat this process for a neutron inside and atom. In this case, the Ray does not convert to Space because of the high density of fields that define the atom. Ray converts to a point about which oscillates the fields of Electro and Magno, i.e., the electromagnetic field. We call this point a photon. It has no mass. Gravity cannot affect it. The photon moves outward an expanding sphere of Space like a surfer riding a wave. The unopposed incoming lines of Gravity convert to Spin.
Part of this Spin causes the neutron to obit in the atom. Part of this Spin rotates the Ray within the neutron. There may be more than one rotating Ray. Looking at the neutron, the light, or stream of photons, appears to be an expanding in a spiral.
The amount of energy in a photon depends on the amount of incoming energy or fields. The release of a single photon in a given direction is rare.
Light D-L
Repeat this process for a subneutron inside a neutron. In this case, Ray converts to a point about which oscillates the fields of Kone and Magno. Our eyes did not evolve to detect this light so we call it Dark-Light. There are dark-light suns and planets. Sun spots are an example of dark-light.
Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle
The position and momentum of a particle cannot be simultaneously measured with arbitrarily high precision.
Now consider an atom surrounded by other atoms. This atom of interest is generating expanding spheres of Space and is surrounded by similar Space generating atoms. In addition, it is in a sea of Rays and magnetic fields, some of which attract and some repel. Unopposed lines of incoming Gravity are also trying to move the atom. To measure a position, one needs a steady permanent point of reference, and there are none.
Momentum equals mass times velocity. Mass pertains to the number of Shell centers in an object. For example, a Hydrogen atom normally has two centers, but when co-located at the center, they count as one. On average, they count as 1.00797 which is its atomic weight. But for any given Hydrogen atom, there could be zero or more subneutrons. In addition, Ray can hit the center of the atom from any direction and change its velocity. Unopposed lines of incoming Gravity are also trying to move the atom.
Thursday, July 21, 2011
Sunday, May 15, 2011
ELECTROSTATIC CHARGES
In the AV model, there are no electrostatic charges.
To understand this, let's review the Hydrogen atom.
At its center, incoming opposing lines of Gravity
convert to expanding spheres of Space. Unopposed
lines of incoming Gravity convert to Linear motion.
As a carryover from the compression period, some
of the Gravity converts to Ray. This Ray goes to the
survace and converts to Space. This conversion
creates a disturbance on the surface of the Shell.
As Ray rotates, this disturbance orbits the center
of the Shell. A viewer on the outside sees this
disturbance and calls it an electron. It is given a
negative value because the viewer is on the other
side of Ray. Likewise, the neutron in the center is
given a positive value because the viewer is on the
same side as Ray.
In the AV model, everything is now converting to
Space. This is a slow process because Space is
also converting to Gravity, and some Gravity is still
converting to Space. As the number of mass
centers decrease, the amount of new Space being
created diminishes. In general, everything attempts
to maintain a steady state.
Let's now look at an atom with four neutrons in orbit
about its center. In its stable state, Ray goes to the
surface and converts to Space.
Now add energy to this system. As Ray enters, it
converts to Spin and the neutrons orbit faster. To
return to its stable state, these neutrons slowly
convert their extra Spin to Rays. These Rays go to
the surface and convert to Space. These Rays also
create a disturbance on the surface of the Shell.
Again, the observer is on the opposite side of these
Rays and the disturbances appear negative. One
says the Shell has a negative electrostatic charge.
Now consider the case where the four neutrons
are at the center of the atom or normal Shell. In this
case, Rays enter the Shell, but they still create
local disturbances on the surface of the Shell.
As more Rays enter, the neutrons begin to orbit
the center and return to their normal state. Before
this, however, the surface appears to have a
positive electrostatic charge.
It is said that opposite charges attract each other
while like charges repel each other. To test this
repel belief, one needs to remove one of the gold
leaves fron an electroscope and touch it with a
charged rod. The leaf should not move.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electroscope
To understand this, let's review the Hydrogen atom.
At its center, incoming opposing lines of Gravity
convert to expanding spheres of Space. Unopposed
lines of incoming Gravity convert to Linear motion.
As a carryover from the compression period, some
of the Gravity converts to Ray. This Ray goes to the
survace and converts to Space. This conversion
creates a disturbance on the surface of the Shell.
As Ray rotates, this disturbance orbits the center
of the Shell. A viewer on the outside sees this
disturbance and calls it an electron. It is given a
negative value because the viewer is on the other
side of Ray. Likewise, the neutron in the center is
given a positive value because the viewer is on the
same side as Ray.
In the AV model, everything is now converting to
Space. This is a slow process because Space is
also converting to Gravity, and some Gravity is still
converting to Space. As the number of mass
centers decrease, the amount of new Space being
created diminishes. In general, everything attempts
to maintain a steady state.
Let's now look at an atom with four neutrons in orbit
about its center. In its stable state, Ray goes to the
surface and converts to Space.
Now add energy to this system. As Ray enters, it
converts to Spin and the neutrons orbit faster. To
return to its stable state, these neutrons slowly
convert their extra Spin to Rays. These Rays go to
the surface and convert to Space. These Rays also
create a disturbance on the surface of the Shell.
Again, the observer is on the opposite side of these
Rays and the disturbances appear negative. One
says the Shell has a negative electrostatic charge.
Now consider the case where the four neutrons
are at the center of the atom or normal Shell. In this
case, Rays enter the Shell, but they still create
local disturbances on the surface of the Shell.
As more Rays enter, the neutrons begin to orbit
the center and return to their normal state. Before
this, however, the surface appears to have a
positive electrostatic charge.
It is said that opposite charges attract each other
while like charges repel each other. To test this
repel belief, one needs to remove one of the gold
leaves fron an electroscope and touch it with a
charged rod. The leaf should not move.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electroscope
Friday, May 13, 2011
ANTIMATER
What is antimatter?
We know that matter comprises what physicists
call particles: electrons, protons and neutrons.
If one sticks an 'anti-' in front of each of these
particles, then one has antimatter. But, does
antimater exist?
In the AV model, our physical universe is a
school, and its purpose is to teach us how
to reason logically. This school cycles from
one Big Bang to the next. So, does it make
sense to include antimatter which will hasten
the cyclic process? It is like building a large
school and setting one part on fire!
In the AV model, there is no electron per se.
However, there are the folloing fields which
no scientist talks about: Space, Kone, Ray,
subNeutron, plus Gravity is going in the wrong
direction. So, since pieces are missing, antimatter
may be just an idea to explain the unexplainable.
For example, assume a set of subNeutrons in a
small verticle circle with a Hydrogen atom on each
side. Gravity pushes the Neutrons in the two atoms
toward the circle's center. Gravity also pushes the
two centers of the atoms toward the circle's center.
While this is happening, the fields of the two atoms
or normal shells keep spinning between the
Neutrons and subNeutrons. Assume they are both
spinning clockwise. This means they are spinning
in opposite directions at the circle's center. If the
pressure is too great and the fields cannot spin,
then they will unSpin and convert the two normal
Shells to Space and other fields.
However, since the scientist is not looking for
a subNeutron, the scientist will not see it, and
antimatter becomes a good guess.
We know that matter comprises what physicists
call particles: electrons, protons and neutrons.
If one sticks an 'anti-' in front of each of these
particles, then one has antimatter. But, does
antimater exist?
In the AV model, our physical universe is a
school, and its purpose is to teach us how
to reason logically. This school cycles from
one Big Bang to the next. So, does it make
sense to include antimatter which will hasten
the cyclic process? It is like building a large
school and setting one part on fire!
In the AV model, there is no electron per se.
However, there are the folloing fields which
no scientist talks about: Space, Kone, Ray,
subNeutron, plus Gravity is going in the wrong
direction. So, since pieces are missing, antimatter
may be just an idea to explain the unexplainable.
For example, assume a set of subNeutrons in a
small verticle circle with a Hydrogen atom on each
side. Gravity pushes the Neutrons in the two atoms
toward the circle's center. Gravity also pushes the
two centers of the atoms toward the circle's center.
While this is happening, the fields of the two atoms
or normal shells keep spinning between the
Neutrons and subNeutrons. Assume they are both
spinning clockwise. This means they are spinning
in opposite directions at the circle's center. If the
pressure is too great and the fields cannot spin,
then they will unSpin and convert the two normal
Shells to Space and other fields.
However, since the scientist is not looking for
a subNeutron, the scientist will not see it, and
antimatter becomes a good guess.
Monday, April 25, 2011
THERMODYNAMICS
First law of thermodynamics
In any process, the total energy of the universe remains the same.
Energy can be neither created nor destroyed. It can only change forms.
In my articles, there is the field of Space and ten other fields. These ten
fields I call energy fields. However, energy is not a property of our physical
universe. Energy is the capacity to do work. Work is the ability to transfer
one field to another field. The common view involves moving a mass from
one point to another point or converting the mass to other fields, e = m cc.
As I have defined my physical universe, it is a self contained set of
interacting ideas. It starts as an ideal of a position, a point. Adding more
spheres of points produces our Space field, which contracts to a Big Bang.
Our physical universe cycles from one Big Bang to the next. As such,
nothing enters or leaves this universe. It is self contained, so the total
energy remains the same.
Second law of thermodynamics
The entropy of an isolated system not in equilibrium will tend to increase
over time, approaching a maximum value at equilibrium.
For a closed thermodynamic system, entropy is a quantitative measure
of the amount of thermal energy not available to do work. Also, it is a
measure of the disorder or randomness in a closed system.
This says Space is expanding and everything else is reconverting to Space.
When Space reaches its limit, it will start a contraction period toward another
Big Bang.
Note: Viewed from The Universe, which is nonphysical, our physical universe
has a physical size of zero all of the time.
Third law of thermodynamics
As temperature approaches absolute zero, the entropy of a system
approaches a constant minimum.
This defines the conditions for the start of another contraction of our
physical universe as it cycles from one Big Bang to the next.
In any process, the total energy of the universe remains the same.
Energy can be neither created nor destroyed. It can only change forms.
In my articles, there is the field of Space and ten other fields. These ten
fields I call energy fields. However, energy is not a property of our physical
universe. Energy is the capacity to do work. Work is the ability to transfer
one field to another field. The common view involves moving a mass from
one point to another point or converting the mass to other fields, e = m cc.
As I have defined my physical universe, it is a self contained set of
interacting ideas. It starts as an ideal of a position, a point. Adding more
spheres of points produces our Space field, which contracts to a Big Bang.
Our physical universe cycles from one Big Bang to the next. As such,
nothing enters or leaves this universe. It is self contained, so the total
energy remains the same.
Second law of thermodynamics
The entropy of an isolated system not in equilibrium will tend to increase
over time, approaching a maximum value at equilibrium.
For a closed thermodynamic system, entropy is a quantitative measure
of the amount of thermal energy not available to do work. Also, it is a
measure of the disorder or randomness in a closed system.
This says Space is expanding and everything else is reconverting to Space.
When Space reaches its limit, it will start a contraction period toward another
Big Bang.
Note: Viewed from The Universe, which is nonphysical, our physical universe
has a physical size of zero all of the time.
Third law of thermodynamics
As temperature approaches absolute zero, the entropy of a system
approaches a constant minimum.
This defines the conditions for the start of another contraction of our
physical universe as it cycles from one Big Bang to the next.
Tuesday, April 12, 2011
STRONG FORCE
"The strong interaction is observable in two areas: On the larger
scale, it is the force that binds protons and neutrons together to
form the nucleus of an atom. On the smaller scale, it is also the
force that holds quarks and gluons together to form the proton,
the neutron and other particles."
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strong_interaction
Strong nuclear force: Unlike Gravity and electromagnetism, the
strong nuclear force is a short distance force that takes place
between fundamental particles within a nucleus. It is charge
independent and acts equally between a proton and a proton, a
neutron and a neutron, and a proton and a neutron.
The strong nuclear force is the strongest force in nature;
however, its range is small (acting only over distances of the
order of 10-15 m) In the AV model, there is no strong force.
The protons and neutrons are not bound together.
In an atom, neutrons absorb energy and convert this energy to
Spin or orbital energy. Just before the Big Bang, the atoms,
neutrons, and subneutrons were all rotating at an enormous rate.
There is nothing in the AV model to stop this rotation.
The physical universe cycles from one Big Bang to the next. The
galaxies cycle around the center of the universe. Planets circle a
sun. Why bind neutrons together in an atom?
It appears scientists may have Gravity going the wrong way. They
know nothing a the fields of Space, Kone, Ray and subNeutron. They
may not know how new elements are made by the pinning together of
atoms nor about subelements. So, what they say about particle
physics is beyond the AV model.
scale, it is the force that binds protons and neutrons together to
form the nucleus of an atom. On the smaller scale, it is also the
force that holds quarks and gluons together to form the proton,
the neutron and other particles."
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strong_interaction
Strong nuclear force: Unlike Gravity and electromagnetism, the
strong nuclear force is a short distance force that takes place
between fundamental particles within a nucleus. It is charge
independent and acts equally between a proton and a proton, a
neutron and a neutron, and a proton and a neutron.
The strong nuclear force is the strongest force in nature;
however, its range is small (acting only over distances of the
order of 10-15 m) In the AV model, there is no strong force.
The protons and neutrons are not bound together.
In an atom, neutrons absorb energy and convert this energy to
Spin or orbital energy. Just before the Big Bang, the atoms,
neutrons, and subneutrons were all rotating at an enormous rate.
There is nothing in the AV model to stop this rotation.
The physical universe cycles from one Big Bang to the next. The
galaxies cycle around the center of the universe. Planets circle a
sun. Why bind neutrons together in an atom?
It appears scientists may have Gravity going the wrong way. They
know nothing a the fields of Space, Kone, Ray and subNeutron. They
may not know how new elements are made by the pinning together of
atoms nor about subelements. So, what they say about particle
physics is beyond the AV model.
WEAK FORCE
Weak nuclear force: The weak nuclear force appears only in
certain nuclear processes like ß decay of a nucleus, in which
the nucleus emits a ß particle and an uncharged particle
called a neutrino. Both the strong and weak forces form
an important part of quantum mechanics.
"Most of the radionuclides used in a biomedical research
environment are beta emitters. Beta particles are high energy
electrons, either negatively or positively charged, that are
emitted from an unstable nucleus. A positively charged beta
is usually referred to as a positron and a negatively charged
beta can be referred to as a negatron."
http://muldoonshealthphysicspage.com/beta_particle_radiation.htm
"A neutrino (Italian pronunciation: [neu'tri?no], meaning
"small neutral one"; English pronunciation: /nju?'tri?no?/) is
an elementary particle that usually travels close to the speed
of light, is electrically neutral, and is able to pass
through ordinary matter almost unaffected. This makes neutrinos
extremely difficult to detect. Neutrinos have a very small, but
nonzero mass. They are denoted by the Greek letter ? (nu)."
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutrino
"The energy of the sun, all-important for life on earth, is
produced when hydrogen fuses or burns into helium in a chain
of nuclear reactions occurring in the interior of the sun.
The first reaction in this chain, the transformation of
hydrogen into heavy hydrogen (deuterium), is caused by the
weak force. Without this force solar energy production would
not be possible"
http://www-project.slac.stanford.edu/e158/weakforce.html
It is responsible for the radioactive decay of subatomic
particles and begins the process known as nuclear fusion.
The weak force causes the atom to break up into smaller
atoms and particles releasing electromagnetic energy.
Some of the atom's mass has been transformed into energy.
://emandpplabs.nscee.edu/cool/temporary/doors/forces/weakforce/weakforce.htm
In the AV model, there is no weak force, Beta radiation,
or neutrino.
In the sun, Gravity forces Hydrogen atoms deep into the center
of the sun. An atom is a normal Shell. The locked fields in an
atom are spinning at a fast rate. When the pressure is so great
that they cannot Spin, they unSpin. These fields reconvert to
Space, light, and Ray. We sense Ray as heat. Ray is probably the
neutrino.
The neutron that was in such a Hydrogen atom is forced into another
Hydrogen atom, and it becomes Deuterium or heavy Hydrogen. When two
Deuterium atoms are pressed together, they become Helium. Helium
works its way away from the center of the sun as Hydrogen atoms
work their way to the center under the influence of Gravity.
This reconversion of atoms to Space and other fields also occurs in
the center of planets but at a slower rate. This slow process
results in the many elements in our periodic table.
Hydrogen molecules are two Hydrogen atoms connected together
like two bar magnets. There is no neutron in their intersection.
Helium has two neutrons in its intersection. Most intersections
between two atoms contain one neutron. In a large assembly of
atoms, it is possible for a Ray to hit this pinning neutron and
convert to Linear motion. The neutron moves out of the
intersection, and one says the larger element decayed.
Remember, everthing reconverts to Space eventually.
certain nuclear processes like ß decay of a nucleus, in which
the nucleus emits a ß particle and an uncharged particle
called a neutrino. Both the strong and weak forces form
an important part of quantum mechanics.
"Most of the radionuclides used in a biomedical research
environment are beta emitters. Beta particles are high energy
electrons, either negatively or positively charged, that are
emitted from an unstable nucleus. A positively charged beta
is usually referred to as a positron and a negatively charged
beta can be referred to as a negatron."
http://muldoonshealthphysicspage.com/beta_particle_radiation.htm
"A neutrino (Italian pronunciation: [neu'tri?no], meaning
"small neutral one"; English pronunciation: /nju?'tri?no?/) is
an elementary particle that usually travels close to the speed
of light, is electrically neutral, and is able to pass
through ordinary matter almost unaffected. This makes neutrinos
extremely difficult to detect. Neutrinos have a very small, but
nonzero mass. They are denoted by the Greek letter ? (nu)."
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutrino
"The energy of the sun, all-important for life on earth, is
produced when hydrogen fuses or burns into helium in a chain
of nuclear reactions occurring in the interior of the sun.
The first reaction in this chain, the transformation of
hydrogen into heavy hydrogen (deuterium), is caused by the
weak force. Without this force solar energy production would
not be possible"
http://www-project.slac.stanford.edu/e158/weakforce.html
It is responsible for the radioactive decay of subatomic
particles and begins the process known as nuclear fusion.
The weak force causes the atom to break up into smaller
atoms and particles releasing electromagnetic energy.
Some of the atom's mass has been transformed into energy.
://emandpplabs.nscee.edu/cool/temporary/doors/forces/weakforce/weakforce.htm
In the AV model, there is no weak force, Beta radiation,
or neutrino.
In the sun, Gravity forces Hydrogen atoms deep into the center
of the sun. An atom is a normal Shell. The locked fields in an
atom are spinning at a fast rate. When the pressure is so great
that they cannot Spin, they unSpin. These fields reconvert to
Space, light, and Ray. We sense Ray as heat. Ray is probably the
neutrino.
The neutron that was in such a Hydrogen atom is forced into another
Hydrogen atom, and it becomes Deuterium or heavy Hydrogen. When two
Deuterium atoms are pressed together, they become Helium. Helium
works its way away from the center of the sun as Hydrogen atoms
work their way to the center under the influence of Gravity.
This reconversion of atoms to Space and other fields also occurs in
the center of planets but at a slower rate. This slow process
results in the many elements in our periodic table.
Hydrogen molecules are two Hydrogen atoms connected together
like two bar magnets. There is no neutron in their intersection.
Helium has two neutrons in its intersection. Most intersections
between two atoms contain one neutron. In a large assembly of
atoms, it is possible for a Ray to hit this pinning neutron and
convert to Linear motion. The neutron moves out of the
intersection, and one says the larger element decayed.
Remember, everthing reconverts to Space eventually.
ELECTROMOTIVE FORCE
"Electromagnetism is the force that causes the interaction between
electrically charged particles; the areas in which this happens are
called electromagnetic fields. Examples of this force include:
electricity, magnetism, radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible
light, X-rays and gamma rays."
"Electromagnetism is responsible for practically all the phenomena
encountered in daily life, with the exception of gravity. Ordinary
matter takes its form as a result of intermolecular forces between
individual molecules in matter. Electromagnetism is also the force
which holds electrons and protons together inside atoms, which are
the building blocks of molecules. This governs the processes
involved in chemistry, which arise from interactions between the
electrons inside and between atoms."
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetism
"Electricity is a general term encompassing a variety of phenomena
resulting from the presence and flow of electric charge. These
include many easily recognizable phenomena, such as lightning,
static electricity, and the flow of electrical current in an
electrical wire. In addition, electricity encompasses less
familiar concepts such as the electromagnetic field and
electromagnetic induction."
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity
"Electric charge is a physical property of matter which causes
it to experience a force when near other electrically charged
matter. Electric charge comes in two types, called positive
and negative. Two positively charged substances, or objects,
experience a mutual repulsive force, as do two negatively
charged objects. Positively charged objects and negatively
charged objects experience an attractive force. The SI unit of
electric charge is the coulomb (C), although in electrical
engineering it is also common to use the ampere-hour (Ah).
The study of how charged substances interact is classical
electrodynamics, which is accurate insofar as quantum effects
can be ignored.
The electric charge is a fundamental conserved property of some
subatomic particles, which determines their electromagnetic
interaction. Electrically charged matter is influenced by, and
produces, electromagnetic fields. The nteraction between a
moving charge and an electromagnetic field is the source of the
electromagnetic force, which is one of the four fundamental
forces (See also: magnetic field)."
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_charge
In the AV model, Ray is a one dimensional field, and we live in
an ocean of Rays.
Ray is electricity. Ray moves along a wire from mass center to
mass center. At each each mass center, Ray first converts to
Magno and then some Rays convert to a perpendicular Ray. This
perpendicular Ray hits the surface of the wire and converts to
Space. In doing so, it creates a local disturbance on the
surface as the main Ray moves along the wire. This local
disturbance appears negative and is known as the flow of
electrons or current flow.
If the wire is already in a magnetic field, then part of the
Ray converts to Linear motion.
If one moves a wire through a magnetic field, Linear motion
converts to Ray.
electrically charged particles; the areas in which this happens are
called electromagnetic fields. Examples of this force include:
electricity, magnetism, radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible
light, X-rays and gamma rays."
"Electromagnetism is responsible for practically all the phenomena
encountered in daily life, with the exception of gravity. Ordinary
matter takes its form as a result of intermolecular forces between
individual molecules in matter. Electromagnetism is also the force
which holds electrons and protons together inside atoms, which are
the building blocks of molecules. This governs the processes
involved in chemistry, which arise from interactions between the
electrons inside and between atoms."
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetism
"Electricity is a general term encompassing a variety of phenomena
resulting from the presence and flow of electric charge. These
include many easily recognizable phenomena, such as lightning,
static electricity, and the flow of electrical current in an
electrical wire. In addition, electricity encompasses less
familiar concepts such as the electromagnetic field and
electromagnetic induction."
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity
"Electric charge is a physical property of matter which causes
it to experience a force when near other electrically charged
matter. Electric charge comes in two types, called positive
and negative. Two positively charged substances, or objects,
experience a mutual repulsive force, as do two negatively
charged objects. Positively charged objects and negatively
charged objects experience an attractive force. The SI unit of
electric charge is the coulomb (C), although in electrical
engineering it is also common to use the ampere-hour (Ah).
The study of how charged substances interact is classical
electrodynamics, which is accurate insofar as quantum effects
can be ignored.
The electric charge is a fundamental conserved property of some
subatomic particles, which determines their electromagnetic
interaction. Electrically charged matter is influenced by, and
produces, electromagnetic fields. The nteraction between a
moving charge and an electromagnetic field is the source of the
electromagnetic force, which is one of the four fundamental
forces (See also: magnetic field)."
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_charge
In the AV model, Ray is a one dimensional field, and we live in
an ocean of Rays.
Ray is electricity. Ray moves along a wire from mass center to
mass center. At each each mass center, Ray first converts to
Magno and then some Rays convert to a perpendicular Ray. This
perpendicular Ray hits the surface of the wire and converts to
Space. In doing so, it creates a local disturbance on the
surface as the main Ray moves along the wire. This local
disturbance appears negative and is known as the flow of
electrons or current flow.
If the wire is already in a magnetic field, then part of the
Ray converts to Linear motion.
If one moves a wire through a magnetic field, Linear motion
converts to Ray.
LIGHT
"The electromagnetic spectrum (E-M) is the range of all possible
frequencies of electromagnetic radiation. The "electromagnetic
spectrum" of an object is the characteristic distribution of
electromagnetic radiation emitted or absorbed by that
particular object.
The electromagnetic spectrum extends from low frequencies used
for modern radio to gamma radiation at the short-wavelength end,
covering wavelengths from thousands of kilometers down to a
fraction of the size of an atom. The long wavelength limit is
the size of the universe itself, while it is thought that the
short wavelength limit is in the vicinity of the Planck
length, although in principle the spectrum is infinite and
continuous."
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_spectrum
"Light or visible light is the portion of electromagnetic
radiation that is visible to the human eye, responsible for the
sense of sight. Visible light has a wavelength in a range from
about 380 or 400 nanometres to about 760 or 780 nm,[1] with a
frequency range of about 405 THz to 790 THz. In physics, the
term light often comprises the adjacent radiation regions of
infrared (at lower frequencies) and ultraviolet (at higher),
not visible to the human eye."
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light
"The atom is a basic unit of matter that consists of a dense,
central nucleus surrounded by a cloud of negatively charged
electrons. The atomic nucleus contains a mix of positively
charged protons and electrically neutral neutrons (except in
the case of hydrogen-1, which is the only stable nuclide with no
neutrons). The electrons of an atom are bound to the nucleus by
the electromagnetic force. Likewise, a group of atoms can remain
bound to each other, forming a molecule. An atom containing an
equal number of protons and electrons is electrically neutral,
otherwise it has a positive charge (electron deficiency) or
negative charge (electron excess) and is an ion. An atom is
classified according to the number of protons and neutrons in
its nucleus: the number of protons determines the chemical
element, and the number of neutrons determines the isotope of
the element."
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atom
In the AV model, the concern is with the source of light as it
pertains to the three sizes of Shells: Large, Small, and
Smallest, or Atom, Neutron, and subNeutron. Light in this
article pertains to two spectrums.
ATOM
Questions
Imagine a standard model of a simple Hydrogen atom. There is
a neutron at the center and an electron in orbit. Remove the
neutron and ask where is the energy in Einstein's E=mcc? How
did this atom, electron and neutron
originate? Where will they end?
In the AV model, a Shell is a set of interlocking fields.
Imagine a small bar magnet and let it rotate so fast that the
North pole and South pole are at the same place. Let this bar
magnet rotate in all directions. Its surface looks like uncut
pile. When one touches something, one feels these piles and
not an electron in orbit. These Shells formed before the
Big Bang and will return to Space eventually.
In the AV Hydrogen atom, there is a small Shell inside a
normal Shell, i.e., a neutron inside an atom. The center of
this atom is where the incoming lines of Gravity convert to
expanding spheres of Space. Some incoming lines of Gravity
convert to Linear motion as mentioned above. It also
appears that a small amount of this incoming Gravity
converts to Ray. This Ray goes to surface of the atom and
converts to Space. Gravity converted to Ray during the
compression period before the Big Bang, and this appears
to be a carryover from that period.
As Ray converts to Space at the surface of the normal Shell,
it creates a local disturbance. As Ray rotates within the
atom, this disturbance also appears to rotate. This surface
disturbance is what one calls an electron.
The electron is negative because the viewer is outside the
atom, i.e., the Ray is on the other side. As this Ray passes
through the neutron, the viewer is on the same side as Ray.
In this case, the neutron has a positive disturbance and
is known as a proton.
NEUTRON
Let the neutron process its incoming Gravity in the same
manner as the atom. The difference is that the surface of
the neutron is not in contact with the local Space. It is
in the atom where there is a high density of other fields.
In this case, the Ray doesn't convert to Space, but it
converts to a point about which oscillate the fields of
Electro and Magno. This type of conversion also occurred
during the compression period.
Notice that there is no Linear motion associated with
this point. It is a point of light without any associated
mass. This photon rides outward on the expanding spheres
of Space like a surfer riding a wave into a beach. As it
moves into deep Space, it loses its energy and eventually
becomes a point in Space.
subNeutron
Now assume a subHydrogen atom. It has a subNeutron in a
neutron. Let this subNeutron process its incoming Gravity
in the same manner as the atom. The difference is that
the surface of the subneutron is in the neutron where
there is a very high density of other fields. In this
case, the Ray doesn't convert to a point of light in the
E-M spectrum. It converts to a point about which
oscillate the fields of Kone and Magno. This is the dark
light (D-L) spectrum. Our eyes did not evolve to see
this light so it appears black.
It is possible to have a neutron star that is large and
black. This is not a black hole. A black hole is a
collection of many subNeutrons which reconvert all
incoming materials to Space.
frequencies of electromagnetic radiation. The "electromagnetic
spectrum" of an object is the characteristic distribution of
electromagnetic radiation emitted or absorbed by that
particular object.
The electromagnetic spectrum extends from low frequencies used
for modern radio to gamma radiation at the short-wavelength end,
covering wavelengths from thousands of kilometers down to a
fraction of the size of an atom. The long wavelength limit is
the size of the universe itself, while it is thought that the
short wavelength limit is in the vicinity of the Planck
length, although in principle the spectrum is infinite and
continuous."
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_spectrum
"Light or visible light is the portion of electromagnetic
radiation that is visible to the human eye, responsible for the
sense of sight. Visible light has a wavelength in a range from
about 380 or 400 nanometres to about 760 or 780 nm,[1] with a
frequency range of about 405 THz to 790 THz. In physics, the
term light often comprises the adjacent radiation regions of
infrared (at lower frequencies) and ultraviolet (at higher),
not visible to the human eye."
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light
"The atom is a basic unit of matter that consists of a dense,
central nucleus surrounded by a cloud of negatively charged
electrons. The atomic nucleus contains a mix of positively
charged protons and electrically neutral neutrons (except in
the case of hydrogen-1, which is the only stable nuclide with no
neutrons). The electrons of an atom are bound to the nucleus by
the electromagnetic force. Likewise, a group of atoms can remain
bound to each other, forming a molecule. An atom containing an
equal number of protons and electrons is electrically neutral,
otherwise it has a positive charge (electron deficiency) or
negative charge (electron excess) and is an ion. An atom is
classified according to the number of protons and neutrons in
its nucleus: the number of protons determines the chemical
element, and the number of neutrons determines the isotope of
the element."
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atom
In the AV model, the concern is with the source of light as it
pertains to the three sizes of Shells: Large, Small, and
Smallest, or Atom, Neutron, and subNeutron. Light in this
article pertains to two spectrums.
ATOM
Questions
Imagine a standard model of a simple Hydrogen atom. There is
a neutron at the center and an electron in orbit. Remove the
neutron and ask where is the energy in Einstein's E=mcc? How
did this atom, electron and neutron
originate? Where will they end?
In the AV model, a Shell is a set of interlocking fields.
Imagine a small bar magnet and let it rotate so fast that the
North pole and South pole are at the same place. Let this bar
magnet rotate in all directions. Its surface looks like uncut
pile. When one touches something, one feels these piles and
not an electron in orbit. These Shells formed before the
Big Bang and will return to Space eventually.
In the AV Hydrogen atom, there is a small Shell inside a
normal Shell, i.e., a neutron inside an atom. The center of
this atom is where the incoming lines of Gravity convert to
expanding spheres of Space. Some incoming lines of Gravity
convert to Linear motion as mentioned above. It also
appears that a small amount of this incoming Gravity
converts to Ray. This Ray goes to surface of the atom and
converts to Space. Gravity converted to Ray during the
compression period before the Big Bang, and this appears
to be a carryover from that period.
As Ray converts to Space at the surface of the normal Shell,
it creates a local disturbance. As Ray rotates within the
atom, this disturbance also appears to rotate. This surface
disturbance is what one calls an electron.
The electron is negative because the viewer is outside the
atom, i.e., the Ray is on the other side. As this Ray passes
through the neutron, the viewer is on the same side as Ray.
In this case, the neutron has a positive disturbance and
is known as a proton.
NEUTRON
Let the neutron process its incoming Gravity in the same
manner as the atom. The difference is that the surface of
the neutron is not in contact with the local Space. It is
in the atom where there is a high density of other fields.
In this case, the Ray doesn't convert to Space, but it
converts to a point about which oscillate the fields of
Electro and Magno. This type of conversion also occurred
during the compression period.
Notice that there is no Linear motion associated with
this point. It is a point of light without any associated
mass. This photon rides outward on the expanding spheres
of Space like a surfer riding a wave into a beach. As it
moves into deep Space, it loses its energy and eventually
becomes a point in Space.
subNeutron
Now assume a subHydrogen atom. It has a subNeutron in a
neutron. Let this subNeutron process its incoming Gravity
in the same manner as the atom. The difference is that
the surface of the subneutron is in the neutron where
there is a very high density of other fields. In this
case, the Ray doesn't convert to a point of light in the
E-M spectrum. It converts to a point about which
oscillate the fields of Kone and Magno. This is the dark
light (D-L) spectrum. Our eyes did not evolve to see
this light so it appears black.
It is possible to have a neutron star that is large and
black. This is not a black hole. A black hole is a
collection of many subNeutrons which reconvert all
incoming materials to Space.
MAGNETIC FORCE
"Magnetism is a property of materials that respond at an atomic or
subatomic level to an applied magnetic field. For example, the
most well known form of magnetism is ferromagnetism such that
some ferromagnetic materials produce their own persistent
magnetic field. However, all materials are influenced to a greater
or lesser degree by the presence of a magnetic field. Some are
attracted to a magnetic field (paramagnetism); others are
repulsed by a magnetic field (diamagnetism); others have a much
more complex relationship with an applied magnetic field.
Substances that are negligibly affected by magnetic fields are
known as non-magnetic substances. They include copper,
aluminium, gases, and plastic."
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetism
In the AV model, an iron atom is magnetized when incoming
horizontal opposing Rays meet at the center of the atom and
convert to a toroidal field. The lines of this field go up
and circle around to come in the bottom. As they enter the
bottom of the atom, they combine to form a vertical outgoing
Ray. In short, horizontal Rays convert to a vertical Ray and
the Magno field acts as a catalyst.
In the AV model, all fields convert from one form to another
form. For one field to convert to the same field, a third
and different field is needed to act as a catalyst. And, all
fields reconvert to Space eventually.
Given a bar magnet, the North Pole is the end with the
outgoing Ray. The toroidal field creates a funnel at each
end. These funnels guide incoming lines of Gravity into
the magnet. The amount is the same at both ends, so
the bar doesn't move.
Given two bar magnets, placing opposite ends together
collapses their funnels. The incoming lines of Gravity
convert to Linear motion and this moves the opposing
ends together. Placing like ends together widens
their funnels and allows more lines of Gravity to enter,
and the added Linear motion moves them apart.
To test which is the North end of a bar magnet, one needs
a radiometer. Place two bar magnets about three inches
apart and in a fixed position so they cannot move. Place
the radiometer between them with a black vane facing an
end pole. If it moves, the end pole is the North Pole.
Don't rely on a letter written on the pole.
subatomic level to an applied magnetic field. For example, the
most well known form of magnetism is ferromagnetism such that
some ferromagnetic materials produce their own persistent
magnetic field. However, all materials are influenced to a greater
or lesser degree by the presence of a magnetic field. Some are
attracted to a magnetic field (paramagnetism); others are
repulsed by a magnetic field (diamagnetism); others have a much
more complex relationship with an applied magnetic field.
Substances that are negligibly affected by magnetic fields are
known as non-magnetic substances. They include copper,
aluminium, gases, and plastic."
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetism
In the AV model, an iron atom is magnetized when incoming
horizontal opposing Rays meet at the center of the atom and
convert to a toroidal field. The lines of this field go up
and circle around to come in the bottom. As they enter the
bottom of the atom, they combine to form a vertical outgoing
Ray. In short, horizontal Rays convert to a vertical Ray and
the Magno field acts as a catalyst.
In the AV model, all fields convert from one form to another
form. For one field to convert to the same field, a third
and different field is needed to act as a catalyst. And, all
fields reconvert to Space eventually.
Given a bar magnet, the North Pole is the end with the
outgoing Ray. The toroidal field creates a funnel at each
end. These funnels guide incoming lines of Gravity into
the magnet. The amount is the same at both ends, so
the bar doesn't move.
Given two bar magnets, placing opposite ends together
collapses their funnels. The incoming lines of Gravity
convert to Linear motion and this moves the opposing
ends together. Placing like ends together widens
their funnels and allows more lines of Gravity to enter,
and the added Linear motion moves them apart.
To test which is the North end of a bar magnet, one needs
a radiometer. Place two bar magnets about three inches
apart and in a fixed position so they cannot move. Place
the radiometer between them with a black vane facing an
end pole. If it moves, the end pole is the North Pole.
Don't rely on a letter written on the pole.
FORCE OF GRAVITY
"Gravity, a non-contact force between two objects. The force exerted
on each body by the other through weight is proportional to the mass
of the first body times the mass of the second body divided by the
square of the distance between them. The direction of the force is
from the body acted on towards the body applying the force. A
human body's weight is a non-contact force exerted by the Earth
on their mass."
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-contact_force
In the AV model, at the outer limit of Space during an expansion
period, Space converts to inward flowing radial lines of Gravity.
At a mass center, i.e., the center of a Shell, opposing lines of
Gravity convert to expanding spheres of Space. Unopposed lines
of Gravity convert to Linear motion. This Linear motion moves
the mass center inward and usually in the direction of another
mass center. Here, there is just a conversion of one field to
another field. Force is a human concept.
on each body by the other through weight is proportional to the mass
of the first body times the mass of the second body divided by the
square of the distance between them. The direction of the force is
from the body acted on towards the body applying the force. A
human body's weight is a non-contact force exerted by the Earth
on their mass."
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-contact_force
In the AV model, at the outer limit of Space during an expansion
period, Space converts to inward flowing radial lines of Gravity.
At a mass center, i.e., the center of a Shell, opposing lines of
Gravity convert to expanding spheres of Space. Unopposed lines
of Gravity convert to Linear motion. This Linear motion moves
the mass center inward and usually in the direction of another
mass center. Here, there is just a conversion of one field to
another field. Force is a human concept.
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